White balance

The image above is beforeThe image above is after.
The thing I used as a white point was the man's smile in the picture and the cat.

White blance and color temperature

White balance is when a camera removes unrealistic colors and makes things that appear white in person, appear white in a picture. It takes into account the pictures "color temperature" which is the relative coolness or warmth of white light. If the color balance is off, the areas that should be white might appear blue, green or orange.
Color temperature is the spectrum of light given off from a "blackbody", or an object that absorbs all incident light, with that surface temperature. Below is the spectrum:

To change or alter the effect the photographer should attach a different cast-removing filter every time they change lighting to traditional cameras. However, digital cameras don't require this change. A photographer can also make the white balance a custom one by making a neutral point or by having a pre-made white balance.

Environmental Portrait

An environmental portrait is a portrait of a person with a background or objects that describe them. For instance, a fisherman might be on a dock with several fish around him and boats in the background. The extra objects add to what's already said about the person by their body/ what they are wearing.The picture above is an example of an environmental portrait. The woman is obviously into cars, as there's a car piece sitting in front of her. She also probably paints cars since she is in a garage with a car paint gun in her hand.

Candid, posed, formal, couple, environmental, sporting, children and group portraits are the different types of portraits.

Candid portraits are considered to be pictures of things like cafes and street signs. They can include a subject that is either aware of the picture being taken or unaware.

Posed portraits are like modeling pictures, where a subject is told to pose in different ways.

Formal portraits are normally planned, and the subjects mood, location, and clothes can even be decided on by the photographer.

Couple portraits are either of two people with a strong connection, or two staged actors portraying a strong connection.

Environmental portraits are explained above.

Sporting portraits are like the team pictures we get. They involve an athlete with their uniform on or different accessories that show the sport.

Children portraits are portraits of younger kids.

Group portraits are portraits of a big or small group of people.

3 rules are:
Having a simplified rule of thirds
Making a picture of a single person vertical (unless there isn't a rule of thirds)
Include more then their face